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The Ottoman aviation squadrons began World War I. Because of the cost of aircraft, it was a small unit.1915, some German officers came to the Ottoman Empire, such as Hans Joachim Buddecke and some Ottoman officers went to Germany for flight education. By 1916, the growing air force had 81 pilots and observers and about 90 airplanes. Eventually, Germany would transfer 460 airplanes to the Ottoman Empire; some 260 went to the Ottoman units and the rest remained in German units. Some 400 German aviation personnel served in Ottoman forces. By the war's end, about 200 supplied, purchased, and captured aircraft from Germany, France, Russia, and Britain. Albatros; four types of Fokkers; three types of Gotha bombers; plus LVG B series, Halberstadts, Pfalzes, Voisins, DeHavillands, Nieuports.
In the aftermath of the Balkan Wars, the Ottomans remained engaged in a dispute over the sovereignty of the North Aegean islands with Greece. A naval race ensued in 1913–1914, with the Ottoman government ordering large dreadnought battleships like Sultan Osman-ı Evvel and Reşadiye with the aforementioned public donations made to the Ottoman Navy Foundation. However, despite full payment for both battleships, and the arrival of the Turkish delegation to Britain for collecting them after the completion of their sea trials, they were confiscated by the United Kingdom in August 1914 and renamed as HMS Agincourt and HMS Erin. This caused considerable ill-feeling towards Britain among the Ottoman public, and the German Empire took advantage of the situation by sending the battlecruiser SMS Goeben and light cruiser SMS Breslau which entered service in the Ottoman Navy as Yavuz Sultan Selim and Midilli respectively.
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